The Presence of Women Pastors in Church Ministry
Peacebuilding Efforts through Johan Galtung’s Perspective in the Context of Gender Justice in GKLI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62926/jtct.v2i1.77Keywords:
female pastors, gender discrimination, patriarchal culture, structural violence, ecclesiastical justiceAbstract
The rejection of female pastors in the Indonesian Lutheran Christian Church (GKLI) reflects gender inequality legitimized by church doctrine, patriarchal culture, pressure from clergy families, and internal policies influenced by external partners. Although GKLI ordained female pastors in 1992, this practice was discontinued. This study employs a qualitative, descriptive-analytical approach, collecting data through literature studies and interviews. The analysis applies Johan Galtung’s theory of violence and peacebuilding and Michael Walzer’s distributive justice to identify the factors hindering women's participation in ecclesiastical leadership and how structural violence manifests in church policies. The findings reveal that restricting women's roles in GKLI is not merely an ecclesiastical decision but also a form of structural violence that reinforces gender subordination. This study underscores the need for a more inclusive, just, and contextually relevant church policy revision while proposing reconciliation and transformation as a strategy for fostering peace through the acceptance of female pastors. Consequently, GKLI can better reflect the values of love, justice, and equality in its theological praxis while ensuring sustainable peace and gender justice within the church.
Downloads
References
A.P.Murniati. Manajemen Berwawasan Gender (Makalah). Yogyakarta, 1996.
DS. Wawancara dengan Pendeta Perempuan asal Gereja GKLI, namun kini sudah menjadi pendeta di gereja lain karena GKLI tidak menerima pendeta perempuan. WhatsApp, Desember 2023.
Erlyanti, Linda Dwi. “Pemikiran Johan Galtung Tentang Kekerasan Dalam Perspektif Feminisme.” Jurnal Hubungan Internasional 6, no. 1 (September 19, 2017).
Ganindra Ahmad Altamir. “Women"s Resistance Against Sexual Violence In The Keeping Room Movie (2014).” LITERA KULTURA: Journal of Literary and Cultural Studies Vol. 8 Number 3 (2020).
GKLI. Almanak GKLI. Humbang Hasundutan: GKLI, 2013.
———. Amandemen Anggaran Dasar/Anggaran Rumah Tangga GKLI Tahun 2018 Atas Perubahan AD/ART Tahun 2009. Tarutung: GKLI, 2018.
HKI. “Sejarah HKI.” Accessed October 12, 2023. https://www.huriakristenindonesia.com/Sejarah-Hki/.
Hommes, Anne. Perubahan Laki-Laki Dan Wanita Dalam Masyarakat. Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 1992.
HSE. Wawancara dengan seorang pengajar, memilih menjadi pengajar karena gerejanya tidak menerima perempuan sebagai pendeta. WhatsApp, Desember 2023.
Hutauruk, Jubil Raplan. Lahir, Berakar Dan Bertumbuh Di Dalam Kristus: Sejarah 150 Tahun Huria Kristen Batak Protestan (HKBP) 7 Oktober 1861- 7 Oktober 2011. Pearaja Tarutung: Kantor Pusat HKBP, 2011.
Johan Galtung. “Cultural Violence.” Journal of Peace Research, 1990, 291–305.
———. Studi Perdamaian “Perdamaian Dan Konflik Pembangunan Dan Peradaban.” Surabaya: Pustaka Eureka, 2003.
———. “Violence, Peace, and Peace Research.” Journal of Peace Research, 1969, 167–91.
Johan Galtung dan, Charles Webel. Handbook Studi Perdamaian Dan Konflik. Bandung: Nusa Media, 2021.
Jusuf Haries Kelelufna, Sevone Pattiserlihun. “Gema Teologika, Eksistensi Perempuan: Kritik Sastra Feminis, Perempuan Sebagai Pembaca Kidung Agung 3:1-5.” 7 No.1 (April 2022): Yogyakarta.
Kolimon, Mery. Misi Pemberdayaan Perspektif Teologi Feminis. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia, 2021.
Lederach, John Paul. Preparing for Peace: Conflict Transformation across Cultures. 1. paperback ed., [Nachdr.]. Syracuse Studies on Peace and Conflict Resolution. Syracuse, N.Y: Syracuse Univ. Press, 2008.
Lemmp, Walter. Benih Yang Tumbuh XII: Suatu Survey Mengenai Gereja-Gereja Di Sumatera Utara). Jakarta: Lembaga Penelitian dan Studi Dewan Gereja-Gereja di Indonesia, 1976.
Lilijawa, Isidorus. Perempuan, Media Dan Politik. Maumere: Ledlero, 2010.
Michael Walzer. Spheres of Justice. Oxford: Blackwell, 1983.
Natar, Asnath N. “Perempuan Dalam Kepemimpinan Agama: Pengalaman Kristen.” Musawa: Jurnal Studi Gender Dan Islam 18, no. 2 (2019).
Natar, Asnath Niwa. Membongkar Kebisuan Perempuan: Kedudukan Perempuan Dalam Kitab Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Feminis. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia, 2021.
Niwa Natar, Asnath (ed). Perempuan Kristiani Indonesia Berteologi Feminis Dalam Konteks. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia, 2017.
Perkumpulan Eutenika. “Keamanan Insani Bagi Kelompok Perempuan Di Pedesaan,” December 14, 2020. https://eutenika.org/archives/1770.
Rawls, John. A THEORY OF JUSTICE. Cambridge: Harvard University, 1999.
Siahaya, Nunuk Rinukti. “Peranan Perempuan Menurut Perjanjian Baru Bagi Perkembangan Kepemimpinan Perempuan Di Dalam Gereja.” Sekolah Tinggi Agama Kristen Teruna Bhakti 1, no. 1 (2018): 33–41.
Tuwu, Darmin. “Peran Pekerja Perempuan Dalam Memenuhi Ekonomi Keluarga: Dari Peran Domestik Menuju Sektor Publik.” Al Izzah: Jurnal Hasil-Hasil Penelitian 13, no. 1 (2018): 63.
United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security. “The Human Security Approach: From Principles to Practice – An Interactive Training Course,” n.d. Accessed November 2, 2023.
Walby, Sylvia. Teorisasi PATRIARKI. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra, 1990.
Wawancara Dengan Inisial A, n.d.
Weber, Thomas. “The Impact of Gandhi on the Development of Johan Galtung’s Peace Research.” Global Change, Peace & Security 16, no. 1 (2004): 31–43.
Additional Files
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
